{"id":12287,"date":"2026-07-06T11:32:22","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T09:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/grottoneum-station-7-alun-et-vitriol\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T08:41:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T06:41:43","slug":"grottoneum-station-7-alun-et-vitriol","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/grottoneum\/grottoneum-station-7-alun-et-vitriol\/","title":{"rendered":"Grottoneum Station 7 \u2013 Alun et vitriol"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12287\" class=\"elementor elementor-12287 elementor-11874\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc20b14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc20b14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3e4c9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3e4c9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a0e76a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a0e76a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" href=\"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/stationsuebersichtseite-grottoneum\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55e3231 icon__wrapper elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"55e3231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\"><g id=\"Gruppe_3170\" data-name=\"Gruppe 3170\" transform=\"translate(-16 -24)\"><g id=\"Rechteck_2623\" data-name=\"Rechteck 2623\" transform=\"translate(16 24)\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#f49019\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect width=\"35\" height=\"35\" rx=\"17.5\" stroke=\"none\"><\/rect><rect x=\"1\" y=\"1\" width=\"33\" height=\"33\" rx=\"16.5\" fill=\"none\"><\/rect><\/g><g id=\"arrow-down\" transform=\"translate(75.381 -4.314) rotate(90)\"><g id=\"Gruppe_3166\" data-name=\"Gruppe 3166\" transform=\"translate(40 32)\"><path id=\"Pfad_864\" data-name=\"Pfad 864\" d=\"M40,104l5.814,5.814L51.628,104\" transform=\"translate(-40 -96.525)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af57bd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af57bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aper\u00e7u<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cff91db btn-icon-small elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cff91db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/grottoneum\/grottoneum-station-8-infiltration-deau\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"11.428\" height=\"19.996\" viewBox=\"0 0 11.428 19.996\"><path id=\"icon_right\" d=\"M.4,19.6a1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.082-2.14L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.517,1.517,0,0,1,0,2.053l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 -0.004)\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Station 8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3265205 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3265205\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d5841 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2d5841\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb2eae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5eb2eae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1a40da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1a40da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7ea27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d7ea27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57bd4b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57bd4b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>7<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e1498f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e1498f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><font face=\"Arial, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px\">\u00c0 quoi servaient l'alun et le vitriol ?<\/span><\/font><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5843ee1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5843ee1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc7186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc7186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pendant des si\u00e8cles, les apothicaires ambulants ont marqu\u00e9 le commerce des rem\u00e8des naturels dans la for\u00eat de Thuringe. Avec des plantes m\u00e9dicinales, des onguents et des teintures, les soi-disant olitates, ils voyageaient \u00e0 pied \u00e0 travers de vastes r\u00e9gions d&rsquo;Europe et faisaient conna\u00eetre le savoir des herboristes locales bien au-del\u00e0 de la r\u00e9gion. L&rsquo;alun jouait un r\u00f4le particulier \u2013 un min\u00e9ral polyvalent utilis\u00e9 notamment en m\u00e9decine, dans la fabrication du papier, le travail du cuir et la teinture textile.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b26f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22b26f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20df59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b20df59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ddd58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23ddd58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b549e4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b549e4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a923791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"a923791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Alun \u2013 mode d'action et utilisation  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1324e84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1324e84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0149406 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0149406\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8be51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8be51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>L&rsquo;alun est un double sel de soufre. Jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 il y a 100 ans, on le trouvait dans presque tous les foyers, et il \u00e9tait \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 dans de nombreux m\u00e9tiers : pour le tannage, en m\u00e9decine, comme produit de protection du bois, dans la fabrication de couleurs, pour l&rsquo;encollage, le mordan\u00e7age, le blanchiment et la conservation.  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;alun de potassium-aluminium, ou alun de potasse, \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement polyvalent, car il ne provoquait pas de d\u00e9coloration comme l&rsquo;alun de fer ou de chrome dans les applications importantes. <br>L&rsquo;alun de potasse se dissocie compl\u00e8tement en solution aqueuse en ions potassium, aluminium et sulfate.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p> K<sub>2<\/sub>Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub> + 8H<sub>2<\/sub>O &lt;\u2014-&gt; 2K<sup>+<\/sup> + 2AL<sup>3+<\/sup> + 8(OH)<sup>\u2013<\/sup> + 8H<sup>+<\/sup> + 4SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les ions aluminium et sulfate avaient tous deux une importance pratique. Avant que l&rsquo;acide sulfurique ne puisse \u00eatre produit \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, l&rsquo;alun \u00e9tait la principale source d&rsquo;ions sulfate. Une solution aqueuse d&rsquo;alun repr\u00e9sente dans une certaine mesure un acide sulfurique temporaire, ce qui explique sa propri\u00e9t\u00e9 astringente, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire son effet contractant et raffermissant sur les prot\u00e9ines. De plus, les ions sulfate oxydent certains colorants non permanents. Ils les transforment en formes incolores, ce qui signifie un blanchiment. Enfin, les ions sulfate ont un effet bact\u00e9ricide et inhibiteur de germes. Ces trois propri\u00e9t\u00e9s se superposaient dans les diff\u00e9rentes applications.      <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f1b9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"2f1b9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> L'apothicaire ambulant <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a900690 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a900690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7f41e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7f41e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c5265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26c5265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>D\u00e8s le Moyen \u00c2ge, les marchands itin\u00e9rants sont appel\u00e9s \u00ab colporteurs \u00bb, car ils portent leurs marchandises avec un cadre en bois sur leur dos (bosse), le soi-disant Reff, toujours avec eux et se d\u00e9placent ainsi de lieu en lieu. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"379\"><span style=\"font-size: 17.23px;\">Les herboristes de la for\u00eat de Thuringe ont collect\u00e9 pendant des si\u00e8cles des plantes m\u00e9dicinales indig\u00e8nes et les ont transform\u00e9es en rem\u00e8des, les soi-disant olitates (lat. Oleum \u2013 huile).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, on appelait olitate tout ce que le peuple simple utilisait comme rem\u00e8de naturel, parce qu&rsquo;il ne pouvait pas se permettre une assistance m\u00e9dicale ou parce que les m\u00e9decins ne voulaient pas prescrire de tels rem\u00e8des comme l&rsquo;alo\u00e8s ou l&rsquo;opium.<\/p>\n<p>Emball\u00e9s dans des pots en terre, des bouteilles en verre et des bo\u00eetes en copeaux, les onguents, pr\u00e9parations \u00e0 base de plantes et teintures, mais aussi les cristaux d&rsquo;alun de la mine \u00ab Jeremias Gl\u00fcck \u00bb, \u00e9taient transport\u00e9s dans le monde par les colporteurs. <\/p>\n<p>Depuis la guerre de Trente Ans jusqu&rsquo;au XXe si\u00e8cle, ils transportaient les marchandises lors de voyages de plusieurs semaines \u00e0 pied. Ils les vendaient principalement aux cours princi\u00e8res et royales d&rsquo;Europe. Des familles individuelles \u00e9taient responsables de certaines zones de vente et pouvaient ainsi se constituer une sorte de monopole.  <\/p>\n<p>Rien qu&rsquo;en 1780, environ 800 apothicaires ambulants circulaient entre le Danemark et la Hongrie ainsi que la Pologne et la France. Les produits \u00e9taient \u00e9galement exp\u00e9di\u00e9s outre-mer via les ports n\u00e9erlandais. <\/p>\n<p>Bien que dans certaines r\u00e9gions allemandes des lois aient \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9es contre les colporteurs et donc aussi contre les apothicaires ambulants, interdisant m\u00eame l&rsquo;h\u00e9bergement des colporteurs, le commerce des olitates conna\u00eet un \u00e2ge d&rsquo;or en Thuringe au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00eatus d&rsquo;un tricorne brun, d&rsquo;une redingote brune, d&rsquo;un gilet rouge, d&rsquo;un foulard blanc, d&rsquo;un pantalon de cuir brun et de gu\u00eatres, ils n&rsquo;\u00e9taient plus appel\u00e9s \u00ab racaille sans ma\u00eetre \u00bb, mais \u00ab laborantins b\u00e9nis de Dieu de Thuringe \u00bb. Ils jouissaient d&rsquo;une grande estime et m\u00eame les m\u00e9decins et chirurgiens appr\u00e9ciaient et suivaient leurs conseils. Ils \u00e9taient ainsi les pr\u00e9curseurs des repr\u00e9sentants de l&rsquo;industrie des spiritueux et pharmaceutique.  <\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les lignes de distribution n&rsquo;ont pu \u00eatre maintenues. De nombreux membres des familles de dynasties d&rsquo;apothicaires ambulants ont trouv\u00e9 du travail comme employ\u00e9s de la VEB Pharmazeutisch-Chemische Fabrik Meuselbach, l&rsquo;actuelle Krewel Meuselbach GmbH. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58bb394 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"58bb394\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> M\u00e9decine <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-705ee7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"705ee7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9083f10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9083f10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e91578 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e91578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>L&rsquo;alun est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un v\u00e9ritable rem\u00e8de miracle dans la m\u00e9decine d&rsquo;autrefois. On utilise la poudre contre toutes sortes d&rsquo;inflammations, d&rsquo;ecz\u00e9mas et d&rsquo;\u00e9ruptions cutan\u00e9es suintantes, mais aussi pour la contraception, parfois simplement en la portant dans un petit sac en tissu. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il devait m\u00eame aider contre les angoisses et les sentiments de culpabilit\u00e9, et en Orient, l&rsquo;alunite sert de pierre protectrice contre la possession et l&rsquo;envo\u00fbtement.<\/p>\n<p>Lonicerus recommande en 1679 de m\u00e9langer la poudre avec des vers de terre et de bien broyer pour obtenir une pommade contre les tumeurs canc\u00e9reuses. De plus, l&rsquo;alun devrait aider contre les d\u00e9mangeaisons, la teigne, les fistules, \u00ab la chair pourrie dans les plaies \u00bb ainsi que contre les poux et les lentes. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;alun poss\u00e8de une action astringente, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire contractante et d\u00e9sinfectante. C&rsquo;est pourquoi il permet d&rsquo;arr\u00eater les saignements et de traiter les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes dans des bains d&rsquo;alun. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son action antibact\u00e9rienne, il est d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 par les Romains comme d\u00e9odorant. Des applications sont connues contre les mains et pieds humides, en cas d&rsquo;\u00e9coulements sanguins paresseux, de d\u00e9tachements de mucus prolong\u00e9s, de diarrh\u00e9es et de coliques de plomb.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c240bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"7c240bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Teinture textile et fabrication de couleurs <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855277f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"855277f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b1f76 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3b1f76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46360ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46360ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Les teinturiers utilisent l&rsquo;action mordante de l&rsquo;alun pour pouvoir teindre durablement les tissus textiles. Lors du mordan\u00e7age et de la teinture des fibres textiles, les ions aluminium assurent chimiquement la liaison entre la fibre naturelle et les colorants par formation de compos\u00e9s complexes. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les tissus sont bouillis dans une solution d&rsquo;alun avant d&rsquo;\u00eatre impr\u00e9gn\u00e9s d&rsquo;extraits aqueux de plantes tinctoriales.<\/p>\n<p>Les Romains teignent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les \u00e9toffes de cette mani\u00e8re et produisent ainsi la toge lumineuse typique.<\/p>\n<p>Ils utilisent comme plantes tinctoriales la racine de garance, la garance des teinturiers et le bois de camp\u00eache.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la fabrication de couleurs \u00e0 partir de plantes naturelles, on utilise l&rsquo;alun pour m\u00e9langer des pigments de couleur \u00e0 un liant. L&rsquo;alun se transforme dans une solution aqueuse avec de la potasse et de la soude caustique en cristaux d&rsquo;alumine blancs tr\u00e8s fins, auxquels se lient les pigments naturels. On obtient ainsi des masses de pigments \u00e9talables pour les couleurs de peinture et de couverture.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67527a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"67527a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication du papier <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b1b019 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b1b019\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d2dcb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95d2dcb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9772341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9772341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jusqu&rsquo;au XIXe si\u00e8cle, le papier est fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de chiffons et de plantes fibreuses. L&rsquo;alun sert \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque \u00e0 blanchir et \u00e0 raffermir ces composants du papier.  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;invention du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de p\u00e2te m\u00e9canique par J. C. Schiffer en 1765, la base de la production de masse de papier \u00e0 partir de cellulose de bois est cr\u00e9\u00e9e. Ce papier non trait\u00e9 agit comme du papier buvard et ne convient pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9criture ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;impression. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;alun hydrofuge est ajout\u00e9 au papier de cellulose avec du savon de r\u00e9sine d&rsquo;abi\u00e9tine pour emp\u00eacher l&rsquo;encre de couler. Cependant, les ions sulfate introduits par ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 conduisent \u00e0 la soi-disant \u00ab mort des livres \u00bb, car l&rsquo;acide du papier fait se d\u00e9sint\u00e9grer les livres et documents dans les archives. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972e872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"972e872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Retardateur de flamme, agent extincteur et protection contre les intemp\u00e9ries <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc14d08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc14d08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8966de4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8966de4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-650f58a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"650f58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Des d\u00e9couvertes en \u00c9gypte attestent que le bois est d\u00e9j\u00e0 impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 d&rsquo;alun comme agent ignifuge vers 450 av. J.-C. Les Romains l&rsquo;utilisaient \u00e9galement m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 du vinaigre \u00e0 cette fin.   <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Contre les intemp\u00e9ries et les attaques de parasites animaux du bois de construction, mais surtout comme protection pr\u00e9ventive contre l&rsquo;incendie, les charpentes et les ouvrages d\u00e9fensifs en bois sont trait\u00e9s au Moyen \u00c2ge avec des sels d&rsquo;alun. Les armuriers impr\u00e8gnent \u00e9galement les parties en bois des armes avec de l&rsquo;alun pour les rendre plus r\u00e9sistantes au feu. <\/p>\n<p>Les poudres extincteurs avec ajout d&rsquo;alun sont en usage au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle et d\u00e8s 83 av. J.-C., on \u00e9teint les incendies avec des solutions d&rsquo;alun. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;alun forme une protection conditionnelle contre les flammes, car sa proportion relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9e d&rsquo;eau de cristallisation est lib\u00e9r\u00e9e lors du chauffage et inhibe l&rsquo;inflammation du bois : le bois trait\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;alun devient humide lors du chauffage !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4723003 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"4723003\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> M\u00e9gissier <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-912afe4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"912afe4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf528e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cdf528e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979dfe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979dfe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans le devenir du cuir \/ <br\/>l&rsquo;essentiel c&rsquo;est la puanteur. \/ <br\/>Chaux, alun, sel, farine, arsenic, \/ <br\/>le rendent bien blanc et beau. \/ <br\/>Jaune d&rsquo;\u0153uf, punkel, crotte de chien \/ <br\/>lui donnent une qualit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re. \/ <br\/>C&rsquo;est pourquoi c&rsquo;est une grande jouissance \/ <br\/>qu&rsquo;un baiser sur le gant d\u00e9licat.   <\/p>\n<p>Ce dicton de tanneur d\u00e9crit les auxiliaires n\u00e9cessaires au tannage blanc ou tannage \u00e0 l&rsquo;alun.<\/p>\n<p>Le tannage s&rsquo;effectue par des min\u00e9raux comme l&rsquo;alun et le sel de cuisine et produit un cuir clair, presque blanc tann\u00e9 \u2013 d&rsquo;o\u00f9 le nom de tannage blanc. La m\u00e9gisserie est principalement utilis\u00e9e pour les cuirs plus fins et minces de veau, de mouton et de ch\u00e8vre. Apr\u00e8s le nettoyage des peaux des restes de sang, de chair et de graisse, les tanneurs frottent dans ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 tr\u00e8s ancien de l&rsquo;alun humide dans la peau lav\u00e9e. Les fibres prot\u00e9iques se contractent ainsi, se r\u00e9ticulant et se raffermissant.   <\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9ch\u00e9, le cuir est raide et dur et doit \u00eatre rendu \u00ab souple \u00bb par un traitement m\u00e9canique, un graissage et une teinture. Le tannage n&rsquo;est pas permanent et peut \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau lav\u00e9. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0fb4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"1d0fb4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Viticulture et agriculture <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da1ae66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da1ae66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba905c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ba905c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-692a695 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"692a695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Dans l&rsquo;agriculture et sp\u00e9cialement dans la viticulture, l&rsquo;alun et ses sous-produits sont utilis\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On tue les pucerons et les chenilles sur les arbustes \u00e0 baies en les arrosant avec une solution d&rsquo;alun chaude. L&rsquo;alun est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 dans la viticulture contre le phyllox\u00e9ra. Le sulfate de cuivre surtout, qui se forme lorsque l&rsquo;acide sulfurique, qui est lessiv\u00e9 du schiste alunif\u00e8re, rencontre le cuivre, est un agent de lutte recherch\u00e9 contre le phyllox\u00e9ra.  <\/p>\n<p>Pour pr\u00e9venir la rouille (galitzenstein) du bl\u00e9, on le saupoudre de sulfate de cuivre.<\/p>\n<p>Au XIXe si\u00e8cle, la demande de sulfate de cuivre d\u00e9passe de loin l&rsquo;offre certaines ann\u00e9es, tandis que d&rsquo;autres ann\u00e9es, il est export\u00e9 en grandes quantit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>En ajoutant de l&rsquo;alun \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau d&rsquo;arrosage, les ombelles florales des hortensias fleurissent dans une coloration bleue ou violette.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e71224 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e71224\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aper\u00e7u Station 8 7 \u00c0 quoi servaient l&rsquo;alun et le vitriol ? Pendant des si\u00e8cles, les apothicaires ambulants ont marqu\u00e9 le commerce des rem\u00e8des naturels dans la for\u00eat de Thuringe. Avec des plantes m\u00e9dicinales, des onguents et des teintures, les soi-disant olitates, ils voyageaient \u00e0 pied \u00e0 travers de vastes r\u00e9gions d&rsquo;Europe et faisaient conna\u00eetre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":137,"featured_media":0,"parent":13305,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12287","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/137"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12287"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12287\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}