{"id":12339,"date":"2026-07-06T11:32:22","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T09:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/estacion-7-del-grottoneum-alumbre-y-vitriolo\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T09:09:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T07:09:39","slug":"estacion-7-del-grottoneum-alumbre-y-vitriolo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/grottoneum\/estacion-7-del-grottoneum-alumbre-y-vitriolo\/","title":{"rendered":"Estaci\u00f3n 7 del Grottoneum \u2013 Alumbre y vitriolo"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12339\" class=\"elementor elementor-12339 elementor-11874\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc20b14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc20b14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3e4c9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3e4c9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a0e76a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a0e76a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" href=\"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/stationsuebersichtseite-grottoneum\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55e3231 icon__wrapper elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"55e3231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\"><g id=\"Gruppe_3170\" data-name=\"Gruppe 3170\" transform=\"translate(-16 -24)\"><g id=\"Rechteck_2623\" data-name=\"Rechteck 2623\" transform=\"translate(16 24)\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#f49019\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect width=\"35\" height=\"35\" rx=\"17.5\" stroke=\"none\"><\/rect><rect x=\"1\" y=\"1\" width=\"33\" height=\"33\" rx=\"16.5\" fill=\"none\"><\/rect><\/g><g id=\"arrow-down\" transform=\"translate(75.381 -4.314) rotate(90)\"><g id=\"Gruppe_3166\" data-name=\"Gruppe 3166\" transform=\"translate(40 32)\"><path id=\"Pfad_864\" data-name=\"Pfad 864\" d=\"M40,104l5.814,5.814L51.628,104\" transform=\"translate(-40 -96.525)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af57bd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af57bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Resumen<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cff91db btn-icon-small elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cff91db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/grottoneum\/grottoneum-estacion-8-irrupcion-de-agua\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"11.428\" height=\"19.996\" viewBox=\"0 0 11.428 19.996\"><path id=\"icon_right\" d=\"M.4,19.6a1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.082-2.14L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.517,1.517,0,0,1,0,2.053l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 -0.004)\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Estaci\u00f3n 8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3265205 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3265205\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d5841 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2d5841\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb2eae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5eb2eae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1a40da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1a40da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7ea27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d7ea27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57bd4b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57bd4b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>7<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e1498f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e1498f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><font face=\"Arial, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px\">\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 se utilizaban el alumbre y el vitriolo?<\/span><\/font><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5843ee1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5843ee1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc7186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc7186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Durante siglos, los boticarios ambulantes (Buckelapotheker) marcaron el comercio de remedios naturales en el Bosque de Turingia. Con hierbas curativas, ung\u00fcentos y tinturas, las llamadas \u00abolit\u00e4ten\u00bb, viajaban a pie por gran parte de Europa y daban a conocer el saber de las curanderas locales mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la regi\u00f3n. El alumbre desempe\u00f1\u00f3 un papel especial: un mineral vers\u00e1til que se utilizaba, entre otras cosas, en medicina, fabricaci\u00f3n de papel, procesamiento de cuero y te\u00f1ido de textiles.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b26f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22b26f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20df59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b20df59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ddd58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23ddd58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b549e4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b549e4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a923791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"a923791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Alumbre: modo de acci\u00f3n y uso  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1324e84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1324e84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1770\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0149406 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0149406\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8be51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8be51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>El alumbre es una sal doble del azufre. Hasta hace 100 a\u00f1os se encontraba en casi todos los hogares y tambi\u00e9n se utilizaba en muchos oficios: en el curtido, en medicina, como protector de la madera, en la fabricaci\u00f3n de pinturas, en el encolado, en el mordentado, el blanqueo y la conservaci\u00f3n.  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El alumbre de potasio y aluminio, o simplemente alumbre pot\u00e1sico, era especialmente vers\u00e1til, ya que no provoca decoloraciones en aplicaciones importantes, a diferencia del alumbre de hierro o de cromo. <br>El alumbre pot\u00e1sico se disocia completamente en soluci\u00f3n acuosa en iones de potasio, aluminio y sulfato.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>  K<sub>2<\/sub>Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub> + 8H<sub>2<\/sub>O &lt;\u2014-&gt; 2K<sup>+<\/sup> + 2AL<sup>3+<\/sup> + 8(OH)<sup>\u2013<\/sup> + 8H<sup>+<\/sup> + 4SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Tanto los iones de aluminio como los de sulfato ten\u00edan una importancia pr\u00e1ctica. Antes de que el \u00e1cido sulf\u00farico pudiera producirse a escala industrial, el alumbre era la fuente m\u00e1s importante de iones de sulfato. Una soluci\u00f3n acuosa de alumbre representa, en cierto sentido, un \u00e1cido sulf\u00farico temporal, lo que explica su propiedad astringente, es decir, su efecto de contracci\u00f3n y solidificaci\u00f3n sobre las prote\u00ednas. Adem\u00e1s, los iones de sulfato oxidan algunos tintes no aut\u00e9nticos, convirti\u00e9ndolos en formas incoloras, lo que supone su decoloraci\u00f3n. Por \u00faltimo, pero no menos importante, los iones de sulfato tienen un efecto bactericida e inhibidor de g\u00e9rmenes. Estas tres propiedades se superpon\u00edan en los distintos casos de aplicaci\u00f3n.      <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f1b9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"2f1b9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> El boticario ambulante <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a900690 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a900690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4930\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7f41e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7f41e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c5265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26c5265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ya en la Edad Media, a los comerciantes itinerantes se les llamaba \u00abBuckelkr\u00e4mer\u00bb (buhoneros de mochila), porque siempre llevaban su mercanc\u00eda a cuestas en una estructura de madera llamada \u00abReff\u00bb, desplaz\u00e1ndose as\u00ed de un lugar a otro. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"379\"><span style=\"font-size: 17.23px;\">Durante siglos, las curanderas del Bosque de Turingia recolectaron plantas medicinales aut\u00f3ctonas y las procesaron para crear remedios, las llamadas \u00abolit\u00e4ten\u00bb (del lat\u00edn oleum \u2013 aceite).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>En aquella \u00e9poca, se denominaba \u00abolit\u00e4t\u00bb a todo lo que el pueblo llano utilizaba como remedio natural porque no pod\u00eda permitirse asistencia m\u00e9dica o porque los m\u00e9dicos no quer\u00edan recetar sustancias como el aloe o el opio.<\/p>\n<p>Envasados en jarras de barro, frascos de vidrio y cajas de virutas de madera, los ung\u00fcentos, preparados de hierbas y tinturas, pero tambi\u00e9n los cristales de alumbre de la mina \u00abJeremias Gl\u00fcck\u00bb, eran transportados por el mundo por estos buhoneros. <\/p>\n<p>Desde la Guerra de los Treinta A\u00f1os hasta el siglo XX, transportaban la mercanc\u00eda a pie en viajes de varias semanas. La vend\u00edan principalmente a las casas principescas y reales de Europa. En este proceso, familias individuales se encargaban de determinadas zonas de venta y as\u00ed pod\u00edan establecer una especie de monopolio.  <\/p>\n<p>Solo en el a\u00f1o 1780, unos 800 boticarios ambulantes recorr\u00edan el camino entre Dinamarca y Hungr\u00eda, as\u00ed como entre Polonia y Francia. Los productos tambi\u00e9n se enviaban a ultramar a trav\u00e9s de los puertos holandeses. <\/p>\n<p>Aunque en algunas regiones alemanas se promulgaron leyes contra los vendedores ambulantes y, por tanto, tambi\u00e9n contra los boticarios de mochila, prohibiendo incluso su alojamiento, en el siglo XVIII se produjo el apogeo del comercio de \u00abolit\u00e4ten\u00bb en Turingia.<\/p>\n<p>Ataviados con tricornio marr\u00f3n, casaca marr\u00f3n, chaleco rojo, pa\u00f1uelo blanco, pantalones de cuero marr\u00f3n y polainas, ya no se les llamaba \u00abchusma sin due\u00f1o\u00bb, sino \u00ablaborantes de Turingia bendecidos por Dios\u00bb. Gozaban de gran prestigio e incluso m\u00e9dicos y cirujanos valoraban y segu\u00edan sus consejos. Fueron, por tanto, los precursores de los representantes de la industria farmac\u00e9utica y de licores.  <\/p>\n<p>Tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las l\u00edneas de distribuci\u00f3n ya no pudieron mantenerse. Muchos miembros de las dinast\u00edas de boticarios ambulantes encontraron trabajo como empleados de la VEB Pharmazeutisch-Chemische Fabrik Meuselbach, la actual Krewel Meuselbach GmbH. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58bb394 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"58bb394\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Medicina <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-705ee7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"705ee7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9083f10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9083f10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e91578 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e91578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>En la medicina de anta\u00f1o, el alumbre se consideraba un verdadero remedio milagroso. El polvo se utilizaba contra todo tipo de inflamaciones, eccemas y erupciones cut\u00e1neas supurantes, pero tambi\u00e9n para la anticoncepci\u00f3n, a veces simplemente llev\u00e1ndolo consigo en una bolsita de tela. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Se dec\u00eda que ayudaba incluso contra los miedos y los sentimientos de culpa, y en Oriente la alunita sirve como piedra protectora contra la posesi\u00f3n y el encantamiento.<\/p>\n<p>En 1679, Lonicerus recomienda mezclar el polvo con lombrices de tierra y molerlo bien para obtener un ung\u00fcento contra los tumores cancerosos. Adem\u00e1s, se dice que el alumbre ayuda contra el picor, la ti\u00f1a, las f\u00edstulas, la \u00abcarne podrida en las heridas\u00bb, as\u00ed como contra los piojos y las liendres. <\/p>\n<p>El alumbre posee un efecto astringente y desinfectante. Por eso permite detener hemorragias y tratar hemorroides en ba\u00f1os de alumbre. Debido a su efecto antibacteriano, ya los romanos lo utilizaban como desodorante. Son conocidas sus aplicaciones contra el sudor de manos y pies, en flujos sangu\u00edneos lentos, mucosidades persistentes, diarreas y c\u00f3licos de plomo.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c240bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"7c240bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Te\u00f1ido de textiles y fabricaci\u00f3n de pinturas <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855277f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"855277f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1300\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b1f76 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3b1f76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46360ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46360ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Los tintoreros aprovechan el efecto mordiente del alumbre para poder te\u00f1ir tejidos textiles de forma duradera. Al morder y te\u00f1ir fibras textiles, los iones de aluminio act\u00faan qu\u00edmicamente de puente entre la fibra natural y los tintes mediante la formaci\u00f3n de compuestos complejos. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los tejidos se hierven en una soluci\u00f3n de alumbre antes de impregnarlos con extractos acuosos de plantas tint\u00f3reas.<\/p>\n<p>Ya los romanos te\u00f1\u00edan las telas de esta manera y fabricaban as\u00ed la t\u00edpica toga brillante.<\/p>\n<p>Como plantas tint\u00f3reas utilizaban la ra\u00edz de rubia, la granza y el palo de Campeche.<\/p>\n<p>En la fabricaci\u00f3n de pinturas a partir de plantas naturales, se utiliza el alumbre para mezclar pigmentos de color con un aglutinante. El alumbre se transforma en una soluci\u00f3n acuosa con potasa y lej\u00eda de sosa en fin\u00edsimos cristales de al\u00famina blanca a los que se adhieren los pigmentos naturales. As\u00ed se obtienen masas de pigmento untables para pinturas art\u00edsticas y opacas.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67527a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"67527a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabricaci\u00f3n de papel <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b1b019 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b1b019\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d2dcb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95d2dcb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9772341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9772341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hasta el siglo XIX, el papel se fabricaba a partir de trapos y plantas fibrosas. En esa \u00e9poca, el alumbre serv\u00eda para blanquear y consolidar estos componentes del papel.  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Con la invenci\u00f3n del proceso de pasta de madera por J. C. Schiffer en 1765, se sentaron las bases para la producci\u00f3n masiva de papel a partir de celulosa de madera. Sin tratar, este papel act\u00faa como papel secante y no es apto para escribir o imprimir. <\/p>\n<p>El alumbre repelente al agua se a\u00f1ade al papel de celulosa con jab\u00f3n de resina de abeto para evitar que la tinta se corra. Sin embargo, los iones de sulfato introducidos por este proceso provocan la llamada \u00abmuerte de los libros\u00bb, porque la acidez del papel hace que los libros y documentos de los archivos se desintegren. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972e872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"972e872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Ign\u00edfugo, agente extintor y protecci\u00f3n contra la intemperie <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc14d08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc14d08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1580\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8966de4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8966de4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-650f58a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"650f58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hallazgos en Egipto demuestran que la madera ya se impregnaba con alumbre como retardante de llama hacia el 450 a. C. Tambi\u00e9n los romanos lo utilizaban mezclado con vinagre para este fin.   <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En la Edad Media, las estructuras de los tejados y las fortificaciones de madera se trataban con sales de alumbre contra la intemperie y el ataque de plagas animales, pero sobre todo como protecci\u00f3n preventiva contra incendios. Tambi\u00e9n los armeros empapaban las partes de madera de las armas con alumbre para hacerlas m\u00e1s resistentes al fuego. <\/p>\n<p>En el siglo XVIII se utilizaban polvos extintores con adici\u00f3n de alumbre y ya en el 83 a. C. se apagaban fuegos con soluciones de alumbre. <\/p>\n<p>El alumbre forma una protecci\u00f3n limitada contra las llamas, ya que su proporci\u00f3n relativamente alta de agua de cristalizaci\u00f3n se libera al calentarse e inhibe la ignici\u00f3n de la madera: \u00a1la madera tratada con alumbre se humedece al calentarse!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4723003 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"4723003\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Curtidor de blanco <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-912afe4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"912afe4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7450\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf528e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cdf528e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979dfe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979dfe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En el proceso del cuero \/ <br\/>lo principal es el hedor. \/ <br\/>Cal, alumbre, sal, harina, ars\u00e9nico, \/ <br\/>lo dejan bien blanco y hermoso. \/ <br\/>Yema de huevo, aceite, caca de perro \/ <br\/>le dan una calidad especial. \/ <br\/>Por eso es un gran placer \/ <br\/>dar un beso al suave guante.   <\/p>\n<p>Este dicho de curtidor describe las sustancias auxiliares necesarias para el curtido al blanco o curtido al alumbre.<\/p>\n<p>El curtido se realiza mediante minerales como el alumbre y la sal com\u00fan, y produce un cuero curtido claro, casi blanco; de ah\u00ed el nombre de curtido al blanco. La curtidur\u00eda al blanco se utiliza principalmente para cueros m\u00e1s finos y delgados de ternera, oveja y cabra. Tras limpiar las pieles de restos de sangre, carne y grasa, los curtidores frotan alumbre h\u00famedo en la piel lavada siguiendo este procedimiento muy antiguo. Las fibras proteicas se contraen, se entrelazan y se consolidan.   <\/p>\n<p>Una vez seco, el cuero queda r\u00edgido y duro, y debe hacerse flexible mediante procesamiento mec\u00e1nico, engrasado y te\u00f1ido. El curtido no es permanente y puede eliminarse con el lavado. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0fb4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"1d0fb4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Viticultura y agricultura <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_up\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(0 11.427) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"11.427\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 11.427\"><path id=\"icon_down\" d=\"M.4,19.6A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.482,17.46L7.951,10,.482,2.534A1.524,1.524,0,0,1,.4.4,1.526,1.526,0,0,1,2.535.482L10.942,8.89l.044.045.041.038a1.388,1.388,0,0,1,.4,1.026,1.393,1.393,0,0,1-.4,1.027l-.041.038-.044.045-8.407,8.4A1.622,1.622,0,0,1,1.391,20,1.393,1.393,0,0,1,.4,19.6Z\" transform=\"translate(20) rotate(90)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da1ae66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da1ae66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3040\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba905c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ba905c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-692a695 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"692a695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>En la agricultura y especialmente en la viticultura se utilizan el alumbre y sus subproductos.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los pulgones y las orugas en los arbustos de bayas se eliminan reg\u00e1ndolos con una soluci\u00f3n de alumbre caliente. El alumbre tambi\u00e9n se utiliza en la viticultura contra la filoxera. Especialmente el vitriolo de cobre, que se forma cuando el \u00e1cido sulf\u00farico lavado de la pizarra de alumbre entra en contacto con el cobre, es un agente muy solicitado contra la filoxera.  <\/p>\n<p>Para prevenir la roya (piedra de Galitzia) en el trigo, este se roc\u00eda con vitriolo de cobre.<\/p>\n<p>En el siglo XIX, la demanda de vitriolo de cobre super\u00f3 con creces la oferta en algunos a\u00f1os, mientras que en otros se export\u00f3 en grandes cantidades.<\/p>\n<p>Al a\u00f1adir alumbre al agua de riego, las umbelas de las hortensias florecen con una coloraci\u00f3n azul o violeta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e71224 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e71224\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Resumen Estaci\u00f3n 8 7 \u00bfPara qu\u00e9 se utilizaban el alumbre y el vitriolo? Durante siglos, los boticarios ambulantes (Buckelapotheker) marcaron el comercio de remedios naturales en el Bosque de Turingia. Con hierbas curativas, ung\u00fcentos y tinturas, las llamadas \u00abolit\u00e4ten\u00bb, viajaban a pie por gran parte de Europa y daban a conocer el saber de las [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":137,"featured_media":0,"parent":13303,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12339","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/137"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12339\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/feengrotten.admo.cloud\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}